Current standards, types and grades of stainless steel wire

Current standards, types, and grades of stainless steel wire
1. GB/T1220-92 Stainless Steel Rod
This is a basic standard, and all chemical compositions of stainless steel wire comply with this standard. Among them: austenite (A) 33 steel grades ferrite (F) 7 steel grades martensite (M) 18 steel grades duplex steel (A+F) 3 steel grades
austenitic steel: yes Non-magnetic structure and good cold working properties. The corrosion resistance is better than 430 and other martensitic steels, and the heat resistance is better. Disadvantages: expensive, difficult thermal deformation, slightly poor intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion performance.
Most austenitic steels are composed of Cr-Ni, such as 304, 316, 1Cr18Ni9Ti.
18-8 type steel appears ferrite when Ni<8%, and when the nickel content reaches a certain level, it becomes A+F dual-phase steel. Ferrite is magnetic and 100% austenite is non-magnetic. When the nickel content in 1Cr18Ni9Ti is 8%, the ferrite content is 5%-15%. In order to reduce the magnetism of steel, the nickel content in 304M is 9%-10%. The ferrite content is reduced to 2%-3%.
Ferritic steel: 430 (0Cr17) is a typical ferritic steel. It has good heat resistance, low price, and good cold working (cold upsetting) performance. Grain coarsening is irreversible at high temperatures, and the cold working properties of steel will deteriorate if the heat treatment process is improper.
Martensitic steel: can be quenched and tempered to harden, improve strength and wear resistance. But the corrosion resistance is poor.
The standard provides some data on the mechanical properties of each steel grade, and the steel grade can be selected based on these data.
Standard evolution process: YB1059→GB1220-75→GB1220-84→GB/T1220-92
2.GB/T1221-92 heat-resistant steel rods
Martensitic gas valve steel 4Cr9Si2, 4Cr10Si2Mo, 8Cr20Si2Ni
Austenitic gas valve steel 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N (21 -4N), 2Cr21Ni12N
Standard evolution process: YB11-59→GB1221-75→GB1221-84→GB/T1221-92
3.GB/T4240-93 Stainless steel wire
4.3.1 Delivery in cold drawn state (L)
Austenite: 316 (0Cr17Ni12Mo), 304 (0Cr18Ni9), 302 (1Cr18Ni9), 304N (0Cr19N)
This type of steel hardens quickly through cold work, has high strength and slightly poor flexibility. It is used for structural parts, load-bearing frames, pins, shafts, etc. Martensitic steels are not delivered in cold drawn condition.
3.2 Delivery in light-stretched state (Q)
Austenitic steel, ferritic steel, and martensitic steel can all be delivered in light-stretched state. It has good strength and toughness and neat material shape. It is a raw material used for deep processing to produce flat and special-shaped wires, shaft wires, binding wires, mesh weaving, rivets, nail making, and frames.
3.3 Delivery in soft state (R)
Austenitic steel, ferritic steel, and martensitic steel can all be delivered in soft state. The soft finished steel wire has good plasticity, flexibility and corrosion resistance. The disadvantage is that the strength is low.
ADD solution treatment F, M?D?D annealed delivery
The polished stainless steel wire standard stipulates that the strength is allowed to fluctuate by 10%.
After soft straightening, the strength increases by 8%-10%.
The strength decreases after straightening in the cold drawn state, and the degree of decrease is related to the area reduction rate. The greater the area reduction rate (higher strength), the greater the decrease. Light tensile strength does not change much.
Free-cutting steel wire: delivered in soft or cold-drawn state, mainly used to make shafts for motor timers and household appliances. The produced shafts have good smoothness and good dimensional accuracy.
Standard evolution process: YB252-64→YB252-79→GB4240→84→GB/T4240-93
4.GB/T4232-93 stainless steel wire for cold upsetting
NL1Cr18Ni9Ti and ML1Cr17Ni2 are old steel grades, mainly used by military industrial units. 304M, 304HC (the largest amount), and 302HQ (for hexagon sockets) are new steel grades, which are widely used by Southern Standard Parts Factory. 316 makes rivets with good corrosion resistance. 305 makes non-magnetic rivets.
When ML1Cr18Ni9Ti is required to be resistant to intergranular corrosion, the chemical composition Ti/C should be controlled to be ≥5.5. This steel wire is difficult to produce, mainly due to pitting, intergranular corrosion, and dimensional instability.
The disadvantage of ML1Cr17Ni2 is that the surface is prone to cracks.
New steel number: 304HC(0Cr18Ni9Cu2), 302HQ(ML0Cr18Ni9Cu3)
304M→304HC→302HQ→305→384
weak magnet→weak magnet→non-magnetic→non-magnetic→absolutely non-magnetic
Price: low → high cold processing performance: poor → good
Standard evolution process: GB4232-84→GB/T4232-93
5.GJB 3320-98 and YB (T) 11-83 stainless spring steel wire
5.1 GJB 3320-98 0Cr17Ni7Al Group A is equivalent to the US military standard MIL-W-4460788 . Group B is formulated with reference to DIN 17224. Group A has a high strength of Φ2.0-3.0mm, and Group B has a low strength of Φ0.2-7.0mm.
5.2 1Cr18Ni9 is equivalent to BS-S205 British aviation standard
5.3 YB (T) 11-83 stainless steel wire for spring is equivalent to JIS 314. This standard is different from the chemical composition of the national military standard. For example, the national military standard requires the electroslag remelting method to be smelted and strictly controls the C, P, and S elements in the steel, while YB (T) 11-83 can be used Electric furnace steel, and the nickel and chromium content in the steel can be slightly higher.
GJB714-89 was formulated when Dalian Steel Plant and the Ministry of Ordnance Industry jointly developed stainless steel wire, and can be replaced by GJB3320-98.
6. YB/5091-93 and YB/T5092-96 Stainless welding wire
YB/5091-93 and YB/T5092-96 are formulated based on GB 1300-77 with reference to JIS Z3321 and JIS Z3221. YB/5091-93 "Stainless steel rods and wires for inert gas shielded welding" (original GB 4233-84), including 11 A, 1 F, and 1 M. The steel rod specification is Φ1.0-5.0mm, and the steel wire specification is Φ0.8-2.4mm. It is a very forward-thinking standard.
YB/T5092-96 "Stainless Steel Wire for Welding" was formulated based on the actual usage situation in my country and the international general situation. The standard includes 16 A, 2 F, and 3 M.
Standard evolution process: YB 199-63→GB 1300-77→GB 4242-84→YB/T5092-93→YB/T5092-96.
Regarding stainless welding wire, from the perspective of domestic and foreign standards, there is a large gap between my country's product standards and production methods and those of foreign countries. Foreign product standards generally stipulate that welding wires must undergo weldability tests, weld mechanical properties and corrosion resistance tests. There are no such requirements in our country's welding wire standards. Foreign welding wires are mostly supplied as finished products. Welding wire manufacturers also produce various fluxes and are engaged in welding process research. While supplying welding rods, they also provide users with reasonable welding processes. my country's welding wire production, welding rod production and welding process research are three independent systems. There is no stable coordination mechanism between the three, which is very detrimental to the progress of welding technology.
7. Other standards
YB/T096-1997 high carbon chromium stainless steel wire: including five high carbon chromium martensitic steels 440A, 440B, 440C, 9Cr18 and 9Cr18Mo, delivered in annealed state σb630-830MPa.
YB/T5219-93 medical suture needle wire: steel number 3Cr13, 4Cr13, actual use size Φ0.22-2.05mm, heat treatment delivery σb490-685MPa, light pulling delivery σb≤885MPa.
Standard evolution process: YB 549-65→GB 10563-89→YB/T5219-93.
YB/T5183-93 Special-shaped steel wire for automobile body accessories: 1Cr18Ni9 dome-shaped steel wire for wipers, cold drawn σb1080-1275MPa.
Standard evolution process: GB8708-88→YB/T5183-93.
GB/T4234-94 Stainless steel for surgical implants: including rods, wires, plates, and strips, a total of 3 steel grades (00Cr18Ni13Mo3, 00Cr18Ni14Mo3, 00Cr18Ni15Mo3N). Microstructure, hardness, inclusions, and corrosion resistance are assessed.
Standard evolution process: GB 4234-84→GB/T4234-94.
GB/T9944-88 Stainless Steel Wire Rope: To assess the breaking strength of the entire rope, the steel wire grade and tensile strength shall be agreed upon by both parties.
YB/T5250-93 non-magnetic stainless steel 0Cr16Ni14 standard for electric vacuum devices includes hot-rolled bars and flats, cold-rolled strips and wires. The wires are delivered in hard or soft state, and the specification range is Φ0.1-18.0mm , the main assessment is the civilian magnetic rate μ100, μ200 ≤ 1.005Gs/Oe, and the residual magnetism Br1000 ≤ 0.15Gs.
Standard evolution process: GBn189-82→YB/5250-93.